In Chile, criolla grape varieties originate from crosses of vines introduced during Spanish colonization, such as List & aacute;n Prieto and Moscatel de Alejandr & iacute;a, with later-introduced varieties or other criollas. These ancient vines, more than 35 years old (OIV-VITI 703-2024), are found in warm rainfed areas with low-fertility soils, and their genetic diversity is relevant to the resilience of viticulture in the face of climate change. In the formal and artisanal wine industry, these varieties are used in different products, such as dry and sweet wines, sparkling wines, Pintatani, Chacol & iacute;, Chicha, Pipe & ntilde;o, Pajarete, Asoleado, and especially Pisco. Currently, there are initiatives to rescue criollo vines in the country, mostly led by public entities, which seek to evaluate their oenological potential for commercialization. The revaluation of Hispanic-Creole wine in Chile in recent decades reflects a phenomenon similar to that of other sociocultural movements, suggesting that wine culture is deeply linked to social changes in the country. This review summarized relevant information on the origin, diversity, and use of autochthonous grapevines in Chile, highlighting their historical value and current potential.